办公室相处的技巧英语(看《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》学情态动词+ have done用法)

原文：

When she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural.

虽然过了一段时间以后她认为这件事应该奇怪，可当时她的确感到很自然。

1.情态动词 have done的构成

may/might have done可能已经发生了某事

could have done本能够做某事

can't/couldn’t have done不可能已经发生了某事

must have done一定已经发生了某事

would have done本来会做某事

should/ought to have done本应该做某事但没有做

shouldn't/oughtn't to have done本不应该做某事但做了

need have done本需要做某事但没有做

needn't have done 本不需要做某事但做了

2.情态动词 have done的用法

情态动词 have done的用法主要包括两个方面：

一.表示对过去所发生事情的推测或假设；

二.表示对过去所发生事情的责备或遗憾。

①may/might have done过去（多过去）可能已经发生了某事，或对过去所发生动作的不太肯定的推测假设或对过去所发生事情的责备或遗憾。用于肯定句中，may和might意思相同，但might可能性更小，多用于虚拟语气中。

Human error may have been a contributing factor.

人为的失误可能是一个起作用的因素。

The contents of the package may have settled in transit.

包裹里的东西可能在运输途中摇密实了。

A bolt may have fallen off the plane's forward door.

飞机前舱门的一个门闩可能脱落了。

He was a contemporary of Freud and may have known him.

他是弗洛伊德的同代人，可能认识弗洛伊德。

We apologize for the delay and regret any inconvenience it may have caused.

我们对此次延误以及因此有可能造成的所有不便表示道歉。

You may have misheard her ─ I'm sure she didn't mean that.

你可能听错她的话了——我肯定她不是这个意思。

It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings.

一想到我可能伤害了她的感情，我就感到痛心。

I ventured to suggest that she might have made a mistake.

我小心地提醒说她可能出了差错。

I may have made a mistake in that regard.

我在那一点上可能已经犯了一个错误。

It sounds as if they might have made a dreadful mistake.

听起来他们似乎犯下了一个可怕的错误。

Someone might have guessed our secret and passed it on.

有人或许已经猜到了我们的秘密并且将其散布开了。

They may have weaponized quantities of anthrax.

他们可能已将大量炭疽制成了武器。

He may have been to some of those places.

那些地方他也许去过一些。

One of these men may have been the murderer.

他们其中有一个人可能是杀人凶手。

Honestly, you might have told me!

说实话，你事先应该告诉我呀！

By expressing love for his children in such a special way, Tolkien may indeed have been the real Father Christmas. 通过这种特别的方式表达对孩子们的爱，托尔金可能真的是真正的圣诞老人。（新外研版必修二）

You can check his office. He might have been there already. 你可以去他的办公室看看。他可能已经到那儿了。

What might have happened is neither here nor there.

曾经发生过什么事已经都不重要了。

If he had been given more encouragement, he might have made greater progress. 如果给他更多的鼓励，他可能会取得更大的进步。（与过去事实相反的虚拟语气）

The pills might have helped him, if only he'd taken them regularly.

他当时要是按时服药，也许可以对他有帮助的。

It might have escaped your notice, but I'm very busy at the moment.

也许你没注意到，可我此刻忙得不可开交。

She might have been killed if the neighbours hadn't intervened.

要不是邻居介入，她可能会没命了。

But for you, they might have given us the slip.

要不是你，我们可能已经被他们甩掉了。

The bill might have gone through if the economy was growing.

要是当时经济在增长的话，该法案或许也就获得通过了。

Things might have been different if I'd talked a bit more.

如果当时我再多说一点的话，结果或许会不一样。

I might have been disposed to like her in other circumstances.

若是处于另一番情形的话，我可能会倾心于她。

The report might have been better written.

这份报告本来可以写得更好。

You might have told me that before!

你之前应该告诉我那件事情！

This is something which you might have forgotten.

这事儿你可能已经忘记了。

I thought you might have invited her over.

我以为你可能已经邀请她过来了。

She thought the shooting might have been an accident.

她想这次枪击可能是一次意外。

The shooting may have been in retaliation for the arrest of the terrorist suspects.

枪击事件可能是对逮捕嫌疑恐怖分子进行的报复行动。

There might have been an infringement of the rules.

可能存在违反规章制度的现象。

She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。

He may not have finished his work. （把握性不大的推测）

He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90)

他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。

She may not have the money to maintain or restore her property.

她可能没有足够的钱来维护或修葺她的房产。

I may not have mentioned it to her.

我可能没跟她提过这件事。

The pupil's answers may not have been reflective of what the class as a whole had understood.

这个学生的回答也许并不能代表该班级整体的理解。

The letter might not have been meant for me at all.

这封信也许根本就不是写给我的。

The equipment needed to clean up the spill might not have arrived yet.

清理漏油所需要的设备可能还没有送到。

I didn't give my name because if I did I thought you might not have come.

我没有留下我的名字，因为如果我这么做的话，我想你可能就不会来了。

They might not have two cents to rub together, but at least they have a kind of lifestyle that is different.

他们也许穷得叮当响，但他们至少拥有一种不同的生活方式。

I had nothing that might not have been cried from the house tops.

我没有不能公开的事。

Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers.

当然,害羞的人可能没有足够的信心开始与陌生人交谈。

Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.

如果不是看电视,尼古拉斯可能不会在这场暴风雪中幸存下来。

②can/could have done本能够做某事，而实际上未做；有时表示对过去的猜测，can have done用于疑问句，表示对过去所发生事情的怀疑。could have done用于虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，本来能够做某事但没有做。

But we could have done it all so much better.
但是，我们本可以把这一切做得更好。

Events could have developed in a dramatically different way.

事情本来可以发展成另一种样子。

Her hair could have done with a wash.

她的头发该洗一洗了。

He'll kick himself when he finds out he could have had the job.

一旦发现他本可以得到这个工作，他会感到懊恼的。

She could have been a brilliant pianist if she'd put her mind to it.

如果她专心致志，坚持到底，她本可以成为一名杰出的钢琴家。

No one could have foreseen things would turn out this way.

谁都没有预料到事情的结果会这样。

No one could have predicted the final outcome.

谁也没有预想到最终结果会是这样。

The resources at our disposal could have been better utilized.

我们所掌握的资源本来可以利用得更好，获得更高的效益。

I could have won the game but decided to let her win.

我本可以赢得那场比赛，但还是决定让她赢了。

You could have claimed the cost of the hotel room from your insurance.

你本可以从你的保险中索取旅馆住房费。

The accident could have been much worse; luckily no harm was done.

这次事故本来可能糟糕得多；所幸没有造成伤害。

The accident could have been avoided.

这个事故本来是可以避免的。

The accident could have been prevented.

这次事故本来是可以防止的。

I could have wept thinking about what I'd missed.

想到所失去的东西，我真想痛哭一场。

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

It's not funny! Someone could have been hurt.

这没什么好玩的！可能有人会受到伤害。

Don't worry ─ they could have just forgotten to call.

别担心，他们可能只是忘了打电话。

The audience was so quiet you could have heard a pin drop.

观众安静得连针落地的声音也听得见。（虚拟语气）

There was no one in the house. Where can he have gone? 房子里一个人也没有。他会去哪里呢?

If he had worked harder, he could have passed the exam. 如果他再努力一点，他就能通过考试了。（与过去事实相反的虚拟语气）

He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。

③can't /couldn't have done不可能已经发生了某事，表示对过去所发生的事情的否定推测，否定语气较强。couldn't have done比can't have done语气委婉一些。can't/couldn't have done sth.不可能做过某事

Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.

史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。

Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。

We could't have done it without you.

没有你我们办不成这事。

He can't have slept through all that noise.

他不可能在那种闹哄哄的环境里睡好觉。

From her knowledge of Douglas's habits, she feels sure that the attacker can't have been Douglas.

根据她对道格拉斯习性的了解，她敢断定他不可能是那个袭击者。

You couldn't have left it on the bus, could you?

你不可能把它落在公共汽车上了吧？

It couldn't have cost more than £ 50, tops.

这东西的价格最高不会超过50英镑。

He couldn't have been more than fourteen years old.

他不可能超过14岁。

It couldn't have been me ─ it must have been someone else.

那不可能是我——准是别人。

The damage couldn't have been caused accidentally.

这次损毁不可能是偶然因素造成的。

I don't want to take away from his achievements, but he couldn't have done it without my help.

我不想贬低他的成就，但是如果没有我的帮助，他是做不成的。

I could't have done it without you.
若是没有你，我不可能做到那样的。

The news couldn't have come at a better time.

那消息来得正是时候。

This was an extremely successful trip. It couldn't have been better.

这次旅行玩儿得真过瘾。

He couldn't have left for Shanghai, for I just saw him on the street. 他不可能去上海了，因为我刚刚在街上看见他了。（推测）

If he hadn't shot his mouth off, things couldn't have been so awkward.

要不是他多嘴，事情也不至于搞僵。（虚拟语气）

注意比较：

must have done

想必 / 准是 / 一定做过某事：

It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy. （把握性极大的推测）

昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。

You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。

注：否行形式为：can't / couldn't have done

④must have done一定已经发生了某事,只用于肯定句中，表示对过去所发生的事情的最肯定的推测，与can't /couldn't have done相对，表示不可能已经发生了某事。

I must have been blind not to realize the danger we were in.

当时我一定是眼瞎了，竟然没有意识到我们所处的危险。

He said I must have done something bad to deserve it.

他说我肯定是罪有应得。

I think we must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.

我觉得我们一定是在什么地方拐错了路。

He must have fallen from a great height.

他肯定是从很高的地方摔下来的。

He must have known what she wanted.

他一定早已知道她想要什么了。

Some of the older boys must have put him up to it.

那件事准是一些大孩子怂恿他干的。

That car must have cost a packet.

那辆汽车一定花了一大笔钱。

That car must have cost a bundle.

那部车一定价格不菲。

The car must have been doing at least 100 miles an hour.

这车速肯定每小时至少100英里。

I guessed from his name that Jose must have been Spanish.

根据他的名字我猜测何塞一定是西班牙人。

It was quite an achievement to keep smiling when his heart must have been aching.

虽然经受着内心的煎熬，但他仍强作欢颜，这实属不易。

The audience must have been totally mystified by the plot.

观众一定是让剧情完全搞晕了。

The killer must have been heavily bloodstained.

凶手肯定身上血迹斑斑。

It must have been mind-blowing.

这一定让人大开眼界。

If you can get a laugh by wearing a silly hat, you must have been born a comic.

如果你戴一顶傻傻的帽子就能让人发笑，那你一定是天生的笑匠。

The street was wet, so it must have rained last night. 街道是湿的，所以昨晚一定下雨了。

I must have been naive to think we would get my parents' blessing.

我一定太天真了，竟认为我们会得到我父母的祝福。

I must have been blind not to realize the danger we were in.

当时我一定是眼瞎了，竟然没有意识到我们所处的危险。

He must have been aware that my parents' marriage was breaking up.

他一定已经知道我父母的婚姻即将破裂。

We took it as read that he must have been a KGB agent.

我们完全相信他曾经是一名克格勃特工。

I must have been a horrid little girl.

我一定是个人见人烦的小女孩。

I must have been a bore.

我一定让人觉得很无聊。

His age was hard to guess — he must have been nearing fifty.

很难猜测他的年龄，他一定快50了。

This must have been one of the proudest moments of his busy and hard working life.

这一定是他劳碌工作的一生中最引以为荣的时刻之一。

His sudden reappearance must have been a shock.

他突然再次出现一定引起了震动。

I must have been insane to agree to the idea.

我肯定是犯傻了，居然同意了这个想法。

The thieves must have had someone on the inside helping them.

这些窃贼肯定有内应。

The branch she was standing on must have snapped off.

她当时踩的树枝一定是突然折断了。

She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.

她断定准是把包落在火车上了。

Your trip must have been fun!

你这次旅行一定很开心吧！

Judging by the company he kept, Mark must have been a wealthy man.

根据马克所交往的人来判断，他一定是位富翁。

You must have wiped off that programme I recorded.

你一定是把我录制的节目给抹掉了。

You must have felt a proper charlie!

你一定觉得自己是个十足的笨蛋！

Her drink must have been drugged.

她的饮料中肯定被掺了麻醉药。

I must have been in a shocking state last night.

昨晚我的情况一定很糟糕。

Every room must have been stuffed with material things.

每个房间肯定都塞满了东西。

You must have been on stage until the final curtain.

你肯定在台上一直呆到了演出结束。

The children must have been very excited as they opened it. 孩子们打开它的时候一定很兴奋。（新外研版必修二）

Your cheque must have got lost in the post.

你的支票一定是邮寄中遗失的。

The job applicant must have good verbal skills.

应聘这份工作的人必须具有良好的语言表达技能。

To qualify, you must have lived in this country for at least three years.

你必须在这个国家居住至少三年才能享有此权利。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

The job advertisement stipulates that the applicant must have three years' experience.

招聘广告明确要求应聘者必须有三年工作经验。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

If society is to exist as a unity, its members must have shared values.

社会若要成为一个统一的群体，它的成员就必须有共同的价值观。

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

⑤would have done本来会做某事但实际没有做；用于虚拟语气中，表示对过去所发生的事情的假设。

I would have gone to Beijing yesterday, but I had something urgent to do. 我本来昨天要去北京的，但我有急事要做。

I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。

None of this would have been possible without their help.

如果没有他们的协助，这事没有一样能办成。

Any reasonable person would have done exactly as you did.

任何有头脑的人都会完全照你那样去做的。

She would have hated him to see how her hands shook.

她会很不愿意让他看到她的双手抖得厉害。

He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything.

他当时太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意干。

In the normal course of events she would have gone with him.

要是事情发展顺利的话，她已同他一块儿走了。

They would have been married forty years come this June.

到今年六月他们结婚就有四十年了。

If I had seen the advertisement in time I would have applied for the job.

我要是及时看到了这则广告，我就应聘那份工作了。

We made the journey by land, though flying would have been cheaper.

虽然乘飞机会便宜些，我们还是走了陆路。

Your mother would have a fit if she knew you'd been drinking!

要是你母亲知道你一直喝酒，会很生气的！

A weaker man would have buckled under the pressure.

意志薄弱的人在这种压力下可能就垮了。

If it had been left to me I would have put him out on the street long ago.

换了我，早就把他赶出家门了。

If I had noticed the warning signs, none of this would have happened.

如果我注意到了那些预警征兆，这种事就一桩也不会发生了。

It would have been impolitic to refuse his offer.

当时若拒绝了他的好意当然是不明智的。

It would have been dishonourable of her not to keep her promise.

她要是不履行诺言就不光彩了。

⑥should/ought to have done本应该做某事但没有做，有时表示对对方的指责或自责。用于肯定句和疑问句中。也可以表示可能性较小的推测。

I should have finished by the middle of the week.

我在这周过半的时候应该就能完成。

Under the terms of the contract the job should have been finished yesterday.

根据合同的条款，这项工作本应于昨天完成。

I should have finished the book by Friday.

到星期五我应该能读完那本书。

You're wasted as a sales manager ─ you should have been an actor.

你当销售经理屈才了，你本应该做演员。

We should have turned left five kilometres back.

我们在五公里之前就该左拐的。

You should have told me so before.

你早该告诉我的。

We should have had a proper discussion before voting.

我们本应在表决之前好好讨论一下才是。

He should have been more careful.

他应当更小心点儿才是。

It should have been an occasion for rejoicing, but she could not feel any real joy.

原本应该是高兴的时刻，她却丝毫未感到快乐。

I told you we should have done it my way!

我跟你说过我们原本应该用我的方法来做这事。

You should have seen her face when she found out!

你真该看看她发现事情真相时脸上的表情！

It should have been a simple matter to check.

检查核对本来应该是件简单的事情。

I mean to say, you should have known how he would react!

我的意思是说，你本应料到他会作何反应！

Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。

I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。

You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。

Somebody should have told me.

应该有人告诉我才是。

You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring.
你应该在今年春天第一次看到它们盛开的时候就挖一些的。

You should have arrived on time yesterday. 你昨天应该准时到达的。

You ought to have told me about it earlier. 你应该早点告诉我这件事。

I ought to have finished the work last week. 我本应该上周就完成这项工作的。

The new teaching building should have been completed by the end of this term. 新教学楼应在本学期末完工。

I realize I ought to have told you about it

我意识到自己本该把这件事告诉你的。

The money to build the power station ought to have been sufficient.

建设电站的资金本该足够了。

She ought to have waited for a decent interval before getting married again.

她再次嫁人也应该适当等上一段时间。

You ought to have been more careful.

你本应该更小心一点的。

He ought to have reached the house some time ago.

他应该早就到房子那儿了。

Perhaps we ought to have trusted people more.

也许我们本当对人多一些信任的。

If they had started at two o'clock, they ought to have got there by now.

他们如果是两点出发的，现在该到那儿了。

⑦shouldn't/oughtn't to have done本不应该做某事但实际做了，有时表示对对方的指责或自责。

She shouldn't have said such things in your hearing.

她本不应该在你面前说这种事情。

You shouldn't have done it without consulting me.

你不该不和我商量就做了这件事。

I shouldn't have said what I did.

我本不该说出我做了什么的。

I shouldn't have come, I knew it wouldn't work.

我不应该来，我知道这起不了什么作用。

You shouldn't have watched the football so late last night. 昨天晚上你不应该看足球赛看得那么晚。

You oughtn't to have blamed him too much. 你不应该过分责备他。

You should't / oughtn't to have told her the truth. （表责备）

She shouldn't have mentioned how heavy the dress was.

她本不该说起这条裙子有多沉。

She shouldn't have desecrated the picture of a religious leader.

她不该亵渎宗教领袖的画像。

He shouldn't have carried tales among his comrades.

他不该在同志们之间搬弄是非。

You shouldn't have treated him shabbily.

你不该亏待他。

I'm beginning to feel now we oughtn't to have let her go away like that.

我现在开始觉得，我们不该就那样让她走了。

⑧need have done表示本需要做某事但没有做；needn't have done 表示本不需要做某事但做了。

You need have got up early, in which case you wouldn’t have missed the train. 你本来需要早点起床，那样你就不会误了火车。

He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。

I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。

You needn't have come so early, for the meeting has been postponed for two hours. 你没必要来这么早，因为会议已经推迟了两个小时。

You needn't have brought an umbrella with you, for we have prepared one for you.

三种不常用的have done形式

had better have done (had better not have done)

当时……比较好 / 要是……就好了：You had better have taken his advice. （当时还是采纳他的建议比较好）

You had better not have scolded her. （要是当时你没责骂她就好了）

would rather have done (would rather not have done)

宁愿当时做了 / 没做：I would rather have worked in the office last night.（后悔，还不如留在办公室加班）

I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that. （后悔，当时脑抽了）

would like / love to have done

未能达成的愿望：I would like to / would love to have gone to watch the film but I had to finish my report.